Overview
Joint pain affects people of all ages and can range from mildly uncomfortable to debilitating. Joints are where two bones meet, and pain can result from injury, overuse, or underlying conditions.
Common causes
Osteoarthritis
The most common form of arthritis. Cartilage that cushions joints wears down over time, causing pain, stiffness, and swelling. Most common in knees, hips, hands, and spine.
Rheumatoid arthritis
An autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks joint lining. Causes pain, swelling, and eventual joint damage. Often affects both sides symmetrically.
Injuries
Sprains, strains, and fractures can cause acute joint pain. Repetitive stress injuries are also common.
Bursitis and tendinitis
Inflammation of the bursa (fluid-filled sacs) or tendons around joints, often from overuse.
Gout
Caused by uric acid crystal buildup in joints, most commonly the big toe. Causes sudden, severe pain attacks.
Self-care tips
- RICE method for acute injuries, Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation
- Gentle exercise: low-impact activities like swimming and cycling
- Maintain a healthy weight: every pound of weight loss reduces knee stress by 4 pounds
- Stretch daily: maintain flexibility around joints
- Use proper form during exercise and lifting
- Anti-inflammatory foods: omega-3s, turmeric, ginger
- Heat therapy for chronic stiffness; ice for acute inflammation
When to seek care
See a doctor if joint pain persists more than 3 days, the joint is swollen or red, you can't put weight on it, you heard a pop during injury, or pain is accompanied by fever.
Early detection and treatment of joint conditions leads to better outcomes. Don't wait to seek help for persistent pain.
Common questions
What is the most common cause of joint pain?
Osteoarthritis is the most common cause, affecting millions worldwide. It results from cartilage wearing down over time and is most common in knees, hips, and hands.
Can exercise help joint pain?
Yes. Low-impact exercises like swimming, cycling, and walking strengthen muscles around joints and improve flexibility, which reduces pain.
When is joint pain serious?
Seek medical attention if pain persists over 3 days, the joint is swollen/red, you can't bear weight, or pain is accompanied by fever, which could indicate infection.
Sources and further reading
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MySymptom gives general health information. It is not medical advice and can't tell you for sure what is causing your symptoms. If you are worried, contact a clinician. In an emergency, call your local emergency number. How answers work